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Seagrass Genome Sequence Lends Insights to Salt Tolerance

First marine flowering plant genome provides clues on how crops could adapt to saline environments. To mitigate carbon emissions in the atmosphere, researchers have turned to sinks–reservoirs that accumulate and store carbon such as tropical rainforests, but also including a variety of terrestrial plants as well as oceans. However, another lesser known but very large… [Read More]

Uncovering Hidden Microbial Lineages from Hot Springs

Metagenomics and single cell strategies help reveal a novel bacterial phylum. Although global microbial populations are orders of magnitude larger than nearly any other population in, on or around the planet, only a fraction has been identified thus far. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is seeking to uncover the true extent of the planet’s… [Read More]

Building Off Known Genomes to Advance Systems and Ecosystems Biology

2016 Community Science Program proposals build upon DOE JGI-generated reference genomes. The U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI), a DOE Office of Science User Facility, has announced that 27 new projects have been selected for the 2016 Community Science Program (CSP). “These new CSP projects, selected through our external review process, exploit… [Read More]

Keeping Algae from Stressing Out

Identifying pathways in algae that produce oil without killing them While most people might know some algae as “pond scum,” to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), they are tiny organisms that could provide a source of sustainable fuels. Like plants, they can convert light into energy-rich chemical compounds; unlike plants, they require less space… [Read More]

Unearthing Cornerstones in Root Microbiomes

Defining core members of a microbial community for normal plant growth Like the tip of an iceberg, a plant sprouting from the soil barely hints at what lies beneath. At the nexus where roots and soil intersect are thriving microbial communities that play important roles in plant health and growth. Understanding how plant yields can… [Read More]

The MiSIng Piece Revealed: Classifying microbial species in the genomics era

The rapid explosion in the throughput of DNA sequencing due to new technology platforms is fueling an increase in the number of sequenced microbial genomes and driving much greater availability of these data to the research community. Traditionally, identifying the microorganisms selected for sequencing is often decided on the basis of a single universal marker… [Read More]

Confirming Microbial Lineages Through Cultivation-Independent Means

Collaborative work culminates in evidence of a single candidate bacterial phylum. The number of microbes found on Earth has been compared to the number of stars in the Milky Way. Yet the proportion of those microbes that can actually be grown under laboratory conditions is so small it would be akin to those stars that… [Read More]

Automating Microbial Genome Sequence Decontamination

Single cell genomics and metagenomics are pioneering techniques that have helped researchers assess environmental microbial community structure and function. As projects applying these techniques scale up, however, researchers are hindered by the lack of a high-throughput process to review assembled genome sequences. Currently, sequence decontamination of the microbial genomes being uploaded to public databases is… [Read More]

Longer DNA Fragments Reveal Rare Species Diversity

New sequence assembly technologies help reconstruct environmental microbial communities. Many microbes cannot be cultivated in a laboratory setting, hindering attempts to understand Earth’s microbial diversity. Since microbes are heavily involved in, and critically important to environmental processes from nutrient recycling, to carbon processing, to the fertility of topsoils, to the health and growth of plants… [Read More]

Characterizing Permafrost Microbes in a Changing Climate

In the effort to curb climate change by reducing global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, thawing permafrost poses a critical challenge. These reservoirs of frozen organic matter embedded in Arctic soils are one of the major (~1.5 billion tons) stores of carbon on Earth. One of the abiding concerns regarding permafrost is that as global temperatures… [Read More]