Natural and agricultural systems are nitrogen deficient and therefore often depend for productivity upon atmospheric nitrogen fixed in nodules formed on legumes by root nodule bacteria. The commonly accepted figure for global nitrogen fixation in agriculture is 25-90 million metric tons, worth in excess of U.S. $10 billion. Rhizobia associated with annual pasture legumes contribute…
Why Sequence Salinispora Species?
Actinomycetes are the most significant source of microbial natural products ever discovered, accounting for more than one half of all known antibiotics. JGI’s collaborators have recently discovered a new actinomycete genus, for which they have proposed the name Salinispora, and this taxon is proving to be an important source of novel secondary metabolites, including a…
Why Sequence Free-Living and Endosymbiotic Polynucleobacter Species?
The Polynucleobacter group (Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiaceae) is of enormous environmental relevance in freshwater habitats. These free-living heterotrophic bacteria contribute up to 60% of total bacterial cell numbers in the pelagic zone of surface freshwater habitats and have also been detected in groundwater. Despite their enormous ecological importance, knowledge of the physiology and specific ecological function of…
Why Sequence Nitrosomonas?
This project will provide genome sequence information for two oligotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria that mediate the first step in the process of nitrification, Nitrosomonas oligotropha and Isolate IS-79. These bacteria belong to a cluster of the Nitrosomonas with higher substrate affinity (low Km), lower growth rates, and increased sensitivity to high ammonia concentrations compared to N….
Why Sequence a Korarchaeota Community?
The primary goal of this project is to sequence the genome of an organism that represents what could be one of the least evolved lineages of modern life that has been detected in nature so far. Barns et al. discovered the Korarchaeota lineage in Obsidian Pool over a decade ago, using what were highly innovative…
Why Sequence Hypersaline Microbial Mats?
Hypersaline microbial mats are complex, integrated ecosystems that have become models for studies of chemical and energetic factors that support photosynthesis-driven communities. Although the overall energy influx is photosynthetic, metabolism and turnover of photosynthetic organisms creates a rich and complex chemical ecosystem. Hypersaline mats popularly are considered simple communities. However, recent studies of the extensive…
Why Sequence Seven Thermotogales?
The genome of the bacterial anaerobic hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima was sequenced in 1999, and whole-genome comparative analysis revealed that 24% of its DNA sequence is most similar to that of archaeal species, many of which occupy the same environmental niches. Subsequent studies demonstrated that other members of the Thermotogales have undergone extensive horizontal gene transfer…
Why Sequence Six Archaea?
Archaea are the least well characterized of the three domains of life, and yet they share many important features with eukaryotes and are the key to understanding both the development of the eukaryotic cell and the origins and nature of the last universal common ancestor. In addition, many archaeal organisms are of interest in their…
Why Sequence Euryarchaeota in Acid Mine Drainage?
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a major worldwide environmental problem associated with the mining of energy resources (coal and uranium) and metals (eg., iron and copper), thus of direct DOE relevance. The processes that underpin AMD formation can be harnessed for bioleaching and bioremediation. Many scientific and industrial groups are studying various aspects of the…
Why Sequence Root-Colonizing Crenarchaeotes and Their Community?
Natural organic matter largely consists of humic substances, a class of biogenic and refractory organic compounds that are prevalent in all terrestrial and aquatic environments. Because these substances are major reservoirs of organic carbon, the global carbon cycle is affected in critical ways by microorganisms that mediate their turnover. Mesophilic crenarchaeotes may be a group…