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… With metagenomic sequencing, researchers have found more of these viruses than ever before, in all kinds of ecosystems. However, matching these viral genetic … archaea and bacteria hosts. The Impact Within the domains of archaea and bacteria, millions of  microbes govern …

… genome . Now, high-quality reference genome sequences of the male and female plants, each representing a single set of chromosomes, are available. The genome assemblies … continents, including Antarctica where it is a major part of the flora, fire moss has adapted to conditions such as UV …

… PCE (perchloroethylene) found its way into the groundwater of several communities in New Mexico via leakage from a … bioremediate toxic substances has led to the development of cost-effective environmental cleanup strategies. Summary In New Mexico, the city of Española, the Santa Clara Pueblo and its nearby rural …

… A genetic architecture that is characteristic of the sex chromosomes of mammals is, for the first time, seen in a plant. The … and female sexes. For the first time, the sex chromosomes of shrub willow have been sequenced with sufficient … This work was supported by the NSF Dimensions of Biodiversity Program (DEB-1542509 to S.D., DEB-1542486 to …

… analyzing the enzymes present in the complex organic matrix of the forest floor, a team of researchers have found that there is a striking division of labor between the two groups. Fungi are much more active … Foundation (18- 25706S and 20-02022Y), by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic …

… well ] The Science The recipe for growing algae as a source of sustainable biofuels seems fairly simple: place these algae in a container … dioxide so they can grow, and then harvest for use as biofuels and other bioproducts. As any good cook knows, … This research was supported by the Bioenergy Technology Office (BETO) within the Department of Energy’s Office of …

… Science Altiarchaea are carbon-fixing microbes and targets of multiple viruses in Earth’s deep subsurface. They are abundant representatives of deep subsurface ecosystems. A team of researchers … by combining a study of microbial communities (metagenomics) and a chemical labelling approach. The Impact …

… Over 40 percent of the cereal crop’s genes respond to drought stress. The Science Fields of drooping stalks and cracked earth are becoming common … by a consortium involving researchers from the University of California (UC), Berkeley, UC Agriculture and Natural …

… 600 million years ago. The Science By studying the genes of land plants’ closest algal relative,  Zygnematophyceae , scientists have enhanced our understanding of how early plants transitioned from water to land. Key … aquatic environments. The Impact A deeper understanding of how plants adapted to terrestrial life paves the way for …

… start pinning down how a fungal symbiont spurs growth of poplar, a potential biofuel feedstock.     The Science The fungus  Mortierella … it can thrive in the soil as a saprophyte, living off decaying organic matter, or as an endophyte, living … the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research at the …

… The Science Anaerobic fungi, which die in the presence of oxygen, dwell in herbivore guts and help them digest … meal. In their evolutionary history, these fungi branched off early from aerobic fungi, which can breathe oxygen — just like we do. Oxygen is a rich source of energy, and because anaerobic fungi can’t harness it, …

… New evidence shows anaerobic fungi can degrade the hardiest of plant components   The Science There are three main … called lignocellulose, are the primary components of hardy cell walls. It’s the cellulose and hemicellulose … shows how anaerobic fungi — the kind living in the stomachs of livestock — are actually capable of naturally modifying …