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    Maize can produce a cocktail of antibiotics with a handful of enzymes. (Sam Fentress, CC BY-SA 2.0)
    How Maize Makes An Antibiotic Cocktail
    Zealexins are produced in every corn variety and protect maize by fending off fungal and microbial infections using surprisingly few enzymes.

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    The genome of the common fiber vase or Thelephora terrestris was among those used in the study. (Francis Martin)
    From Competition to Cooperation
    By comparing 135 fungal sequenced genomes, researchers were able to carry out a broader analysis than had ever been done before to look at how saprotrophs have transitioned to the symbiotic lifestyle.

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    Miscanthus grasses. (Roy Kaltschmidt/Berkeley Lab)
    A Grass Model to Help Improve Giant Miscanthus
    The reference genome for M. sinensis, and the associated genomic tools, allows Miscanthus to both inform and benefit from breeding programs of related candidate bioenergy feedstock crops such as sugarcane and sorghum.

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    Poplar (Populus trichocarpa and P. deltoides) grow in the Advanced Plant Phenotyping Laboratory (APPL) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. Poplar is an important biofuel feedstock, and Populus trichocarpa is the first tree species to have its genome sequenced — a feat accomplished by JGI. (Image courtesy of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy)
    Podcast: Xiaohan Yang on A Plantiful Future
    Building off plant genomics collaborations between the JGI and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Xiaohan Yang envisions customizing plants for the benefit of human society.

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    Expansin complex with cell wall in background. (Courtesy of Daniel Cosgrove)
    Synthesizing Microbial Expansins with Unusual Activities
    Expansin proteins from diverse microbes have potential uses in deconstructing lignocellulosic biomass for conversion to renewable biofuels, nanocellulosic fibers, and commodity biochemicals.

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    High oleic pennycress. (Courtesy of Ratan Chopra)
    Pennycress – A Solution for Global Food Security, Renewable Energy and Ecosystem Benefits
    Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) is under development as a winter annual oilseed bioenergy crop. It could produce up to 3 billion gallons of seed oil annually while reducing soil erosion and fertilizer runoff.

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    Artistic interpretation of CheckV assessing virus genome sequences from environmental samples. (Rendered by Zosia Rostomian​, Berkeley Lab)
    An Automated Tool for Assessing Virus Data Quality
    CheckV can be broadly utilized by the research community to gauge virus data quality and will help researchers to follow best practices and guidelines for providing the minimum amount of information for an uncultivated virus genome.

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    Unicellular algae in the Chlorella genus, magnified 1300x. (Andrei Savitsky)
    A One-Stop Shop for Analyzing Algal Genomes
    The PhycoCosm data portal is an interactive browser that allows algal scientists and enthusiasts to look deep into more than 100 algal genomes, compare them, and visualize supporting experimental data.

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    Artistic interpretation of how microbial genome sequences from the GEM catalog can help fill in gaps of knowledge about the microbes that play key roles in the Earth's microbiomes. (Rendered by Zosia Rostomian​, Berkeley Lab)
    Podcast: A Primer on Genome Mining
    In Natural Prodcast: the basics of genome mining, and how JGI researchers conducted it in IMG/ABC on thousands of metagenome-derived genomes for a Nature Biotechnology paper.

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    Scanning electron micrographs of diverse diatoms. (Credits: Diana Sarno, Marina Montresor, Nicole Poulsen, Gerhard Dieckmann)
    Learn About the Approved 2021 Large-Scale CSP Proposals
    A total of 27 proposals have been approved through JGI's annual Community Science Program (CSP) call. For the first time, 63 percent of the accepted proposals come from researchers who have not previously been a principal investigator on an approved JGI proposal.

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    MiddleGaylor Michael Beman UC Merced
    How to Successfully Apply for a CSP Proposal
    Reach out to JGI staff for feedback before submitting a proposal. Be sure to describe in detail what you will do with the data.

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    Click on the image or go here to watch the video "Enriching target populations for genomic analyses using HCR-FISH" from the journal Microbiome describing the research.
    How to Target a Microbial Needle within a Community Haystack
    Enabled by the JGI’s Emerging Technologies Opportunity Program, researchers have developed, tested and deployed a pipeline to first target cells from communities of uncultivated microbes, and then efficiently retrieve and characterize their genomes.

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    Artistic interpretation of how microbial genome sequences from the GEM catalog can help fill in gaps of knowledge about the microbes that play key roles in the Earth's microbiomes. (Rendered by Zosia Rostomian​, Berkeley Lab)
    Uncovering Novel Genomes from Earth’s Microbiomes
    A public repository of 52,515 microbial draft genomes generated from environmental samples around the world, expanding the known diversity of bacteria and archaea by 44%, is now available .

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    Green millet (Setaria viridis) plant collected in the wild. (Courtesy of the Kellogg lab)
    Shattering Expectations: Novel Seed Dispersal Gene Found in Green Millet
    In Nature Biotechnology, a very high quality reference Setaria viridis genome was sequenced, and for the first time in wild populations, a gene related to seed dispersal was identified.

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    The Brachypodium distachyon-B. stacei-B. hybridum polyploid model complex. (Illustrations credits: Juan Luis Castillo)
    The More the Merrier: Making the Case for Plant Pan-genomes
    Crop breeders have harnessed polyploidy to increase fruit and flower size, and confer stress tolerance traits. Using a Brachypodium model system, researchers have sought to learn the origins, evolution and development of plant polyploids. The work recently appeared in Nature Communications.

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News & Publications
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October 1, 2019

Characterizing Communities: JGI Announces Latest CSP Portfolio

Proposals aim to sequence and annotate genomes from Antarctica to Africa to global oceans. Through the Community Science Program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), a DOE Office of Science user facility, 24 large-scale proposals have been accepted from 70 full submissions based on 92 letters of intent. Additionally, 40… [Read More]

September 10, 2019

What Happens Underground Influences Global Nutrient Cycles

DOE user facilities EMSL and JGI announce FY 2020 collaborative FICUS projects. Through the Facilities Integrating Collaborations for User Science (FICUS) program, two Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science national user facilities—the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) and the DOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI)—have selected 11 proposals for support from 53 received through a… [Read More]

July 22, 2019

Learning to Look

Machine learning approach significantly expands inovirus diversity. To answer the question, “Where’s Waldo?” readers need to look for a number of distinguishing features. Several characters may be spotted with a striped scarf, striped hat, round-rimmed glasses, or a cane, but only Waldo will have all of these features. As described July 22, 2019, in Nature… [Read More]

December 17, 2018

Defining Quality Virus Data(sets)

Artist rendering of genome standards being applied to deciphering the extensive diversity of viruses. (Illustration by Leah Pantea)International consortium offers guidelines, best practices for characterizing uncultivated viruses. Microbes in, on and around the planet are said to outnumber the stars in the Milky Way Galaxy. The total number of viruses is expected to vastly exceed even that calculation. While many viruses remain unknown and uncultivated, advances in genome sequencing and analyses have… [Read More]

November 19, 2018

Hidden Giants in Forest Soils

One of the heated plots at the Harvard Forest (Jeff Blanchard)A surprising wealth of novel giant viruses has been found in a soil ecosystem. Characterizing the diversity of microbial cells in a handful of soil is so complex it was considered impossible. To date, only a small fraction of the microbes residing in, on and around soils have been identified as part of efforts to… [Read More]

November 14, 2018

Symbiosis a Driver of Truffle Diversity

Truffe noire du Peěrigord (Tuber melanosporum). (Francis Martin)Insights from a comparative analysis of five truffle-forming fungal species. While the sight of black or white truffles being shaved over on pasta is generally considered a sign of dining extravagance, they play an important role in soil ecosystem services. Truffles are the fruiting bodies of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal symbionts residing on host plant… [Read More]

October 30, 2018

Probing Interactions Among Molecular Mechanisms, Cellular Processes, and Elemental Cycles

Cropped image of switchgrass microcosm showing established root network. (James Moran)DOE user facilities EMSL and JGI announce FY 2019 collaborative FICUS projects. Two Department of Energy user facilities, the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) and the Joint Genome Institute (JGI), have selected 12 of the 41 proposals received from a joint call for 2019 research under the Facilities Integrating Collaborations for User Science (FICUS) initiative…. [Read More]

October 22, 2018

Spotlighting Differences in Closely-Related Species

Researchers build a genetic profile for a section of Aspergillus fungi. There are millions of fungal species, and those few hundred found in the Aspergillus genus play important roles in areas ranging from industrial production to agricultural plant pathogens. Reported October 22, 2018, in Nature Genetics, a team led by scientists at the Technical University… [Read More]

October 8, 2018

Expanding Fungal Diversity, One Cell at a Time

Blyttiomyces helicus on spruce pollen grain. (Joyce Longcore)Pilot study demonstrates single cell genomics approach for fungal genomic diversity. They can be found on forest floors, swamps and in houses, ranging in size from smaller than the period on your smartphone’s keyboard to stretching over several city blocks. More than a million species of fungi are estimated to live on this planet, but… [Read More]

October 3, 2018

Preparing for a Sequence Data Deluge

At the Heradura Playa in Atacama Desert of Chile. Alessandro Airo's team is interested in the Atacama's microbial communities. (Courtesy of A. Airo)Accepted 2019 JGI Community Science Program proposals requested terabases of sequence data. Over the summer, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), a DOE Office of Science User Facility, set an “institutional best” record by sequencing 20.4 trillion bases (Terabases or Tb) in a single month in Walnut Creek, Calif. Given the… [Read More]
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