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A genetic architecture that is characteristic of the sex chromosomes of mammals is, for the first time, seen in a plant. The … and female sexes. For the first time, the sex chromosomes of shrub willow have been sequenced with sufficient …

… well ] The Science The recipe for growing algae as a source of sustainable biofuels seems fairly simple: place these algae in a container … dioxide so they can grow, and then harvest for use as biofuels and other bioproducts. As any good cook knows, …

… ice in the Arctic has decreased by more than 30% in terms of quantity and thickness. Replacing older, thicker ice with … surface where algae grow. Armed with a better understanding of the alga’s stress resistance and ability to adapt to … to better manage the growth, yield and climate resilience of algae — for potential use as biomass or in biomass …

Over 40 percent of the cereal crop’s genes respond to drought stress. The Science Fields of drooping stalks and cracked earth are becoming common … by a consortium involving researchers from the University of California (UC), Berkeley, UC Agriculture and Natural …

… 600 million years ago. The Science By studying the genes of land plants’ closest algal relative,  Zygnematophyceae , scientists have enhanced our understanding of how early plants transitioned from water to land. Key … aquatic environments. The Impact A deeper understanding of how plants adapted to terrestrial life paves the way for …

The Science Anaerobic fungi, which die in the presence of oxygen, dwell in herbivore guts and help them digest … meal. In their evolutionary history, these fungi branched off early from aerobic fungi, which can breathe oxygen — just like we do. Oxygen is a rich source of energy, and because anaerobic fungi can’t harness it, …

New evidence shows anaerobic fungi can degrade the hardiest of plant components   The Science There are three main … called lignocellulose, are the primary components of hardy cell walls. It’s the cellulose and hemicellulose … shows how anaerobic fungi — the kind living in the stomachs of livestock — are actually capable of naturally modifying …