First complete picture of standing genetic variation within a natural population. The Science Ostreococcus are tiny green algae that are the bases of many marine food webs. A decade after the complete representative genomes of three Ostreococcus picoplankton groups were sequenced, researchers have sequenced and analyzed the genomes of 13 members of a natural Ostreococcus… [Read More]

Genome-wide rice studies yield first major, large-scale collection of mutations for grass models. The Science Fast-neutron irradiation, exposure to high energy neutrons, induces a wide variety of mutations by making changes in DNA. Using this approach, rice researchers were able to create the first major, large-scale collection of mutations for grass models. Resequencing the 1,504… [Read More]

Metagenome pipeline helps researchers resolve near-complete microbial genomes involved in Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The Science The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill released 4.1 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico and was the first major release of oil and natural gases into the deep ocean (1,500 meters). Due to the depth of… [Read More]

Genetic screen identifies mutations that impact green foxtail panicle formation. The Science Through deep sequencing of the model grass green foxtail (Setaria viridis), researchers pinpointed a gene critical for the development of flowers that give rise to the grain. Using this information, a homologous gene in maize was identified as playing a similar role highlighting… [Read More]

Genome sequence analysis provides first evidence that linked, locally adapted alleles exist first, and subsequently are captured within a new, selectively-favored inversion. The Science A team of scientists investigated the pathway by which chromosomal inversions – in which a segment of the chromosome was removed, flipped and then re-inserted – contribute to speciation in nature…. [Read More]

Finding a grass gene impacting stomatal morphology underscores importance of developing mutant gene index. The Science The evolution of adjustable pores, stomata, allows plants to control the amount of CO2 that enters the plant and water that escapes by modifying the stomatal pore size. Plants have evolved two kidney shaped guard cells that swell to… [Read More]

Improve on existing biological computer-aided design and manufacture (bioCAD/CAM) tools The Science Synthetic DNA allows scientists to expand the breadth and depth of their genomic research. In this study researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI) have developed a suite of build-optimization software tools (BOOST) to streamline the design-build transition in… [Read More]

Fungal and plant gene expression provides clues to nitrogen pathways. The Science Orchids are an example of an experimentally tractable plant that is highly dependent on its relationship with its mycorrhizal fungal partners for nutrient supply. In this recent study, researchers for the first time identified some genetic determinants potentially involved in nitrogen uptake and… [Read More]

First CRISPR-Cas9 system in archaea discovered The Science Through metagenomic data generated by the DOE Joint Genome Institute, researchers analyzed 155 million protein coding genes from uncultivated microbial communities, leading to the discovery of the first CRISPR-Cas9 protein in the archaeal domain, and of two previously unknown simple bacterial CRISPR-Cas systems. The Impact Microbes play… [Read More]

Novel mechanism in bacterial-fungal symbiosis could have biodiesel production applications The Science To answer the challenge of producing renewable, sustainable alternative fuels, researchers aren’t just looking at developing candidate bioenergy crops but are also reviewing other natural sources of energy-dense oils such as fungi. To learn more about how bacteria interact with fungi in a… [Read More]