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… population genomics to find that while archaeal hitchhikers may often act as parasites, in other cases, they likely help … However, no microbe works alone. Archaea, bacteria, and viruses all operate in concert to form the foundation of this deep Earth ecosystem. For example, when certain viruses attack, their archaeal hosts release organic carbon. …

… research (see his  2021 VEGA talk ). A global authority on viruses, Holmes was part of  the initial release the genome … interested in understanding mammalian viruses that may or may not have human origins, and so works with samples … no more similar than random,” Holmes said. Given the vast unknowns contained in metagenomic data sets, Holmes and his …