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… the cells of other organisms. As they infect microbes like bacteria, algae and protists, all kinds of viruses impact … Beginning in the early 2000s , these environmental metagenomes began to offer a window into viral existence. … world, including 3,908 isolate reference DNA viruses and 264,413 computationally identified viral contigs. Since then, …
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… duplications, and even more ancient gene transfers from bacteria have all armed the plant with an array of defense mechanisms. The Impact There are over 10,400 species of ferns alive today. Boasting adaptations in … the fern’s defense-related gene families were snatched from bacteria. The insertion of transposable elements — also …
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