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… plants. So they’ve looked into wasps that program oak trees to raise their young in structures called galls.  In this episode, …

… 30 times older than the entire human lineage. Yet despite their ubiquity and ancient origins, fungi remain largely … nearly 2,000 genomes to construct kingdom-wide evolutionary trees and overlay them with genomic features. This allows … new capabilities through partnerships with bacterial symbionts, and how others revolutionized their biology by …

… the air, large swaths of the bleached, skeletal remains of trees can be seen. These plagued patches have become … to an all-time high. California homeowners witnessed how their once stout oaks, the anchors of their properties , … in losses , including the death of tens of millions of trees in California alone. With the genome sequence in hand, …

… carbon and nitrogen, paving the way for future plants and trees to grow. However, fire changes the microbes within the … forests back to full function. Foresters can transplant trees and soils, targeting helpful bacteria, viruses and …

… to nutrient cycles. Francis Martin and Lucas Auer discuss their work on communities of forest floor fungi. Allison Joy … and Xiao Ma. And Karen Serrano and Benjamin Cole explain their research on the symbiotic relationship between …

… about sponges, can you maybe explain what’s going on with their biology and why they’re so important to natural … responsible for filtering out a lot of the bacteria in their environment and eating them. They’re filter feeders … so far people looking at that chemistry have focused on how their microbiome – how bacteria living with the sponges – …